Glossary of Fitness Terms . ADLs are usually factored in to a person's basal metabolic rate, so tracking calories burned for these types of movement isn't recommended when trying to lose weight. Aerobic exercise- Any rhythmic activity that increases the body's need for oxygen by using large muscle groups continuously for at least 1. The term aerobic means “with oxygen.”Agonist muscle- A muscle that is very effective in causing a certain joint movement. Also called the prime mover. On a biceps curl, the biceps is the agonist muscle that flexes the elbow joint. Amenorrhea- The absence of menstruation, commonly found in women with a very low body fat percentage and/or exercise excessively. Anaerobic exercise- Short lasting, high intensity activity, where the demand for oxygen from the exercise exceeds the oxygen supply. Angina pectoris- Chest pain due to lack of blood flow (oxygen) to the heart. Antagonist muscle- A muscle that causes movement at a joint in a direction opposite to that of the joint’s agonist (prime mover). Exercisers who take beta- blockers will have a lower heart rate at rest and during exercise, so the target heart rate formula cannot be used in this case. ![]() ![]() ![]() Bioelectrical impedance- This method of measuring body composition is based on the fact that the lean tissue of the body is much more conductive due to its higher water content than fat tissue. The more lean tissue present in the body, the greater the conductive potential, measured in ohms. Body composition- Amount of fat vs. Also called cardiovascular or aerobic fitness. Cardiovascular system- A complex system consisting of the heart and blood vessels; transports nutrients, oxygen, and enzymes throughout the body and regulates temperature, water levels of cells, and acidity levels of body components. Circuit training- Takes the participant through a series of exercise stations (which could also include strength training), with relatively brief rest intervals between each station. The purpose is to keep the heart rate elevated near the aerobic level without dropping off. The number of stations may range from 4 to 1. Concentric muscle action- Force produced while the muscle is shortening in length. Continuous training- This is the most common type of sustained aerobic exercise for fitness improvement, slowly adding more time to the workout to increase endurance. Cool down- Lowering of body temperature following vigorous exercise. 100 Weight Loss Tips From Quick Weight Loss How To Lose 20 Pounds Diet Plan 100 Weight Loss Tips From Quick Weight Loss How To Lose Weight Not Eating cholesterol non. Profile Weight Loss Davenport Iowa Massive Weight Loss With Liquid Diet Profile Weight Loss Davenport Iowa Somerset Pain And Weight Loss Somerset Ky spectrum.health. Bike riding is an aerobic, or. Revolutionize your health club with Octane commercial elliptical cross trainer machines. Members burn more calories on recumbent, standing and lateral ellipticals. The practice of cooling down after exercise involves slowing down your level of activity gradually. Core- A muscle group comprised of the abdominals, lower back, obliques, and hips. Cortisol- A hormone secreted by the adrenal gland that makes stored nutrients more readily available to meet energy demands. These hormone levels increase under stress, which can stimulate your appetite, leading to weight gain or difficulty losing weight. Cross- training- An individualized combination of all aerobic- training methods, characterized by a variety of intensities and modes. Without overload or maintenance, muscles will weaken in two weeks or less. Diastolic blood pressure- The pressure exerted by the blood on the vessel walls during the resting portion of the cardiac cycle, measured in millimeters of mercury. The diastolic number is the bottom of the fraction. Mild high blood pressure is considered to be between 1. High blood pressure is defined by a value greater than 1. DOMS (Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness)- Muscle soreness or discomfort that appears 1. It is most likely due to microscopic tears in the muscle tissue, and it usually requires a couple of days for the repair and rebuilding process to be completed. The muscle tissue grows back stronger, leading to increased muscle mass and strength. Pertaining to exercise, your body loses electrolytes (sodium, potassium) when you sweat. These electrolytes need to be replaced to keep concentrations constant in the body, which is why many sports drinks include electrolytes. Endomorph- A body shape characterized by a round face, short neck , wide hips, and heavy fat storage. Endorphins- Opiate- like hormones that are manufactured in the body and contribute to natural feelings of well- being. EPOC (Excess Post- Exercise Oxygen Consumption)- This explains why your breathing rate remains heavy for a few minutes after finishing a workout. Related Content: How To Lose Weight- The Basics Weight Watchers Points System The Fat Smash Diet The Eat To Live Diet The Beck Diet Solution How To Get The Motivation. Your body needs more oxygen after a workout in order to restore the oxygen stores in the blood and tissues, and to meet the oxygen requirements of the heart rate, which is still elevated. Epinephrine- Also called adrenaline, a hormone that stimulates body systems in response to stress. Ergogenic aids- A substance, appliance, or procedure that improves athletic performance. Eustress- . It puts stress on the body and its systems, but the results of this stress are positive.)Exercise metabolic rate (EMR)- The energy expenditure that occurs during exercise.. Fast twitch muscle fibers- Fibers that are better- suited for high- force, short duration activities because they contain more stores for anaerobic energy utilization. Fixed resistance- Strength training exercises that provide a constant amount of resistance throughout the full range of motion.
Examples include free weights and resistance bands. Flexibility- The measure of the range of motion, or the amount of movement possible, at a particular joint.. ![]() Graded Exercise Test (Incremental Exercise Test)- An exercise test involving a progressive increase in work rate over time. Often graded exercise tests are used to determine the subject’s maximum oxygen consumption or lactic threshold.. Heart Rate Reserve (HRR)- Difference between resting and maximal heart rate. Heat Cramps- Muscle cramps that occur during or following exercise in warm or hot weather. Heat exhaustion- A heat stress illness caused by significant dehydration resulting from exercise in warm or hot conditions; frequent precursor to heat stroke. Heat stroke- A deadly heat stress illness resulting from dehydration and overexertion in warm or hot conditions; can cause body core temperature to rise from normal to 1. Fahrenheit in just a few minutes. High- density lipoprotein (HDL)- Retrieves cholesterol from the body’s cells and returns it to the liver to be metabolized. Also referred to as “good” cholesterol. High impact- Activities that place more stress on the bones and joints, where your limbs are actually making contact with the ground or other surface with force. Examples include: walking, running, step aerobics, and sports that involve impact, like basketball or tennis. Hydrostatic (underwater) weighing- This method of measuring body composition is considered the “gold standard” and is based on the assumption that density and specific gravity of lean tissue is greater than that of fat tissue. By comparing test subject’s mass measured underwater and out of the water, body composition may be calculated. Hyperplasia- An increase in the number of cells in a tissue; usually in reference to fat or muscle cells. Hypertrophy- An increase in cell size (girth), usually in reference to fat or muscle cells. Hypothermia- A life- threatening condition in which heat is lost from the body faster than it is produced.. Incremental Exercise Test (Graded Exercise Test)- An exercise test involving a progressive increase in work rate over time. Often these tests are used to determine the subject’s maximum oxygen consumption or lactic threshold. Interval training- Repeated intervals of exercise interspersed with intervals of relatively light exercise. This type of training provides a means of performing large amounts of high- intensity exercise in a short period of time. Isokinetic exercise- Exercise in which the rate of movement is constantly maintained through a specific range of motion even though maximal force is exerted. Isometric exercise- Any activity in which the muscles exert force but do not visibly change in length. For example, pushing against a wall or carrying a bag of groceries. Isotonic exercise- Any activity in which the muscles exert force and change in length as they lift and lower resistance. For example, bicep curls or leg extensions. It factors resting heart rate into the equation. Ketosis- A condition in which the body adapts to prolonged fasting or carbohydrate deprivation by converting body fat to ketones, which can be used as fuel for some brain activity. The real danger in ketosis is that ketones are acidic, and high levels of ketones make the blood abnormally acid. Now, experts believe that lactic acid is beneficial to the body, acting as a . This is a good indication of the highest sustainable work rate. Also known as anaerobic threshold. Lean mass- Total weight of your muscle, bone, and all other body organs. Also referred to as “bad” cholesterol. Low impact- Activities that place less stress on the bones and joints. These are better for people with joint pain, and overweight individuals whose weight can hurt their joints. Examples include: swimming, elliptical, cycling, and other activities where your feet (or other body parts) aren’t touching the ground with force or where you are somehow supported.. Max VO 2- (V0. 2 Max) Highest amount of oxygen one can consume during exercise. The higher this number, the more you are cardiovascularly fit and capable of increased levels of intensity. Mesomorph- A body shape characterized by a large chest, long torso, solid muscle structure and significant strength. MET- An expression of the energy it takes to sit quietly. It is frequently used as a measure of intensity on cardiovascular machines (treadmill, stationary bike, etc.) For example, moderate intensity activities are those that get you moving fast enough or strenuously enough to burn off three to six times as much energy per minute as you do when you are sitting quietly, measured as 3- 6 METs. Moderate intensity- Activities that range from 4. These activities cause a slightly increased rate of breathing, and feel light to somewhat- hard. Individuals doing activity at this intensity can easily carry on a conversation.
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